Essay about Adventures of Sherlock Holmes and Scandal in...

Adventures of Sherlock Holmes and Scandal in Bohemia The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes was written by Sir Arthur ConanDoyle. The novel was first published in 1892. A Scandal in Bohemia was a short story about a woman who has pictures of herself and a high Englishnobleman. She used them to blackmail him. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle was a novelist, a detective-story writer, and aphysician. He was born on May 22, 1859 and died on July 7, 1930. He beganwriting The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes in 1890 and finished writing it in1892. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle was so successful in his writing that he gave uphis career as a physician only five years after the creation of Sherlock Holmes. Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson were created by Sir Arthur†¦show more content†¦When Holmes saw the place where she had run, he knewwhere the pictures were and told the people that it was a false alarm. The next morning the King of Bohemia and Sherlock Holmes found out thatIrene Alder married a man named Godfrey Norton. Irene had left England thenight befo re with her husband. Holmes went to her house and opened the slidingpanel to find only a picture of Irene and a letter adressed to Sherlock Holmes.The letter said that the King of Bohemia did not have to worry about thepictures, for she loved another man better than he. It also said that she kept thepictures only to protect herself. The King of Bohemia then asked SherlockHolmes what he wanted for his services and offered him a ring. Holmes told theKing he did not want the ring, but only the picture of Irene. Count Von Kramm was the King of Bohemia. He was extremely tall andwas a well built man. His clothes were that of the best fabric available at thetime. He wore a broad brimmed hat with a black vizard mask that concealed theupper part of his face: A man entered who could hardly have been less than six feet six inches in height, with the chest and limbs of a Hercules. His dress was rich with the richness which would, in England, be looked upon as akin to bad taste. He carried a bro ad brimmed hat in his hand, while he wore across the upper part of her face, extending down past the cheekbones, a black vizard mask, which he had apparently adjusted that veryShow MoreRelatedThe Personality of Sherlock Holmes Essay754 Words   |  4 Pages The Personality of Sherlock Holmes Sherlock Holmes, a creation of Scottish Author and Physician Sir Author Conan Doyle, is a fictional detective famous for his prowess at using logic and astute observation to solve cases. Sherlock is a very unique individual and he is so realistic that many people believe he was a real man existed in the late 19th century. In fact, Sherlock possesses a very interesting set of personality and his distinctiveRead MoreThe Adventure Of The Yellow Face By Conan Doyle965 Words   |  4 Pagesdetective Sherlock Holmes titled â€Å"The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes.† Throughout these many stories, Conan Doyle’s audience learns of Holmes’ many defining characteristics such as his intelligence, cleverness, and his lack of interest in anything other than his line of work. However, Holmes’ single-mindedness in his line of work greatly affects his results of his cases. In the short stories â€Å"The Adventure of the Yellow Face† and â€Å"A Sca ndal in Bohemia,† Conan Doyle’s portrayal of Sherlock Holmes’ overconfidenceRead MoreThe Role Of Justice And The Pursuit Of Righteousness971 Words   |  4 Pagesthe most prominent figures in world literature, especially in the mystery genre. While many works of literature belong in the mystery genre, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s Sherlock Holmes series stands out the most. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s famous literary works, A Study in Scarlet, The Hound of the Baskervilles, and A Scandal in Bohemia share a common theme: the importance of justice and the pursuit of righteousness. Sir Conan Arthur Doyle was born on May 22nd, 1859 in Edinburgh, Scotland. The DoylesRead MoreSherlock Holmes : An Expert Consultant Detective Essay1508 Words   |  7 PagesSherlock Holmes: An Expert Consulting Detective For over one hundred years, the Sherlock Holmes detective stories have entertained the world, from the original penny comic stories, to the books and films that followed. Sherlock Holmes is one of the greatest fictional detectives ever created and arguably the most famous. However, he isn’t just a great detective. He is also a chemist, a violinist, and a master swordsman. Sherlock is mostly famous for his power of deduction, power of observation, specialRead MoreStatus Quo Of Sherlock And The Gang1383 Words   |  6 PagesStatus Quo of Sherlock and the Gang The works of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle provide evidence of classism; the easily identified separate social classes, during the Victorian-era. His writing graphically proving the status quo of the times. If someone created an act of crime, it was to advance in class or the characters are trying to stay in the same style class before some event happened. In a time when females were considered meek and frail. That is how they are written besides for the occasional exceptionRead MoreThe Sherlock Holmes Detective Stories Essay1539 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Sherlock Holmes detective stories have entertained the world, from the original penny comic stories, to the books and films that followed. Sherlock Holmes is one of the greatest fictional detectives ever created and arguably the most famous. However, he isn’t just a great detective. He is also a chemist, a violinist, and a master swordsman. Sherlock is mostly famous for his power of deduction, power of observation, special skills, p ower of imagination, and a wide range of knowledge. Holmes usesRead MoreThe Role of Women in Doyle ´s A Scandal in Bohemia Essay897 Words   |  4 PagesDoyles A Scandal in Bohemia follows the story of the famous detective Sherlock Holmes on his adventures to retrieve a disgraceful photograph of Irene Adler and the King of Bohemia. The king, now engaged to a different woman, is fearful that Adler may use the photo as blackmail. In A Scandal in Bohemia, the apparent role of women is minuscule. The only female emphasis is on one woman, who is the object of Holmes detective inquiries. In A Scandal in Bohemia, society places women at a subordinateRead MoreScandal in Bohemia, Gender Roles Essay893 Words   |  4 PagesScandal in Bohemia, Gender Roles In A Scandal in Bohemia, by Arthur Conan Doyle, society places women at an inferior level pushing them to the background therefore never allowing us, the reader, to know them, except for Irene Adler who shows the gender shift of the time period by becoming the main character in Sherlock Holmes investigation and the story. A Scandal in Bohemia speaks about the famous detective Sherlock Holmes and his adventure in retrieving a damaging photograph for a king fromRead MoreHolmes s Unbelievable Flaws : Holmes924 Words   |  4 PagesUnbelievable flaws Holmes is a very complex and moody character who, although of strict habit, is considerably messy. Holmes appears to undergo periods of obsession and depression, the latter of which are accompanied by violin playing, and cocaine use. All of Conan Doyle’s stories are told from Watson’s first-person perspective, and yet, Holmes flaws are not criticized but glamourized. While Holmes is a clever and observant man, his flaws are very clear to people around him. Holmes takes considerableRead MoreThe Stories Of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle937 Words   |  4 PagesSir Arthur Conan Doyle is a 19th century author who is known by his stories of Sherlock Holmes. Sherlock Holmes is a crime series based in the Victorian era when â€Å"feminists in this period were calling for women and children to have equal protection under the law† (Miller 55). He is consider one of most known iconic British characters created who solves mysteries with visual detection. One thing is clear author Conan Doyle portrays women as a weakness in Holmes’s visual approach, â€Å"his extraordinary

Kuk Swamp Early Agriculture in Papua New Guinea

Kuk Swamp is the collective name of several archaeological sites in the upper Wahgi Valley in the highlands of Papua New Guinea. Its importance for understanding the development of agriculture in the region cannot be overstated. Identified sites at Kuk Swamp include the Manton site, where the first ancient ditch system was identified in 1966; the Kindeng site; and the Kuk site, where the most extensive excavations have been concentrated. Scholarly research refers to the locations as the Kuk Swamp or simply Kuk, where there is a complex amount of evidence for the presence of early agriculture in Oceania and Southeast Asia. Evidence for Agricultural Development Kuk Swamp, as its name implies, is located on the margin of a permanent wetland, at an altitude of 1,560 meters (5,118 ft) above mean sea level. The earliest occupations at Kuk Swamp are dated to ~10,220-9910 cal BP (calendar years ago), at which time the Kuk residents practiced a level of horticulture. Unequivocal evidence for the planting and tending of crops in mounds including banana, taro, and yam is dated to 6590–6440 cal BP, and water control supporting agricultural fields was instituted between 4350–3980 cal BP. Yam, banana, and taro were all fully domesticated by the early mid-Holocene, but the people at Kuk Swamp always supplemented their diet by hunting, fishing, and gathering. Most important to note are the ditches built at Kuk Swamp beginning at least as long ago as 6,000 years, which represent a long series of wetland reclamation and abandonment processes, where Kuks residents struggled to control water and develop a reliable agricultural method. Chronology The oldest human occupations associated with agriculture at Kuk Swamps edges are pits, stake- and post-holes from buildings and fences made with wooden posts, and man-made channels associated with natural levees near an ancient waterway (paleochannel). Charcoal from the channel and from a feature on the nearby surface has been radiocarbon-dated to 10,200–9,910 cal BP. Scholars interpret this as horticulture, the beginning elements of agriculture, including evidence of planting, digging, and tethering of plants in a cultivated plot. During Phase 2 at Kuk Swamp (6950–6440 cal BP), the residents built circular mounds, and more wooden post buildings, as well as the additional evidence strongly supporting the specific creation of mounds for planting crops—for, in other words, raised field agriculture. By Phase 3 (~4350–2800 cal BP), the residents had constructed a network of drainage channels, some rectilinear and others curved, to drain water from the productive soil of the swamplands and facilitate farming. Living at Kuk Swamp Identification of the crops being cultivated at Kuk Swamp was accomplished by examining plant residues (starches, pollen, and phytoliths) which were left on the surfaces of stone tools used to process those plants, as well as generally in the soils from the site. Stone cutting tools (flaked scrapers) and grinding stones (mortars and pestles) recovered from Kuk Swamp were examined by researchers, and starch grains and opal phytoliths of taro (Colocasia esculenta), yams (Dioscorea spp), and banana (Musa spp) were identified. Other phytoliths of grasses, palms, and possibly ginger were also identified. Innovating Subsistence Evidence suggests that the earliest form of farming conducted at Kuk Swamp was swidden (also known as slash and burn) agriculture, but over time, the farmers experimented with and moved into more intensive forms of cultivation, eventually including raised fields and drainage canals. It is possible that the crops were initiated by vegetative propagation, which is characteristic of highland New Guinea. Kiowa is a site similarly aged to Kuk Swamp, located about 100 km west north-west of Kuk. Kiowa is 30 meters lower in elevation but located away from the swamp and within the tropical forest. Interestingly, there is no evidence at Kiowa for either animal or plant domestication—the users of the site remained focused on hunting and gathering. That suggests to archaeologist Ian Lilley that agriculture can develop patchily as a process, one of the numerous human strategies that are developed over the long term, rather than necessarily driven by specific population pressure, socio-political changes, or environmental change. The archaeological deposits at Kuk Swamp were discovered in 1966. Excavations began that year led by Jack Golson, who discovered the extensive drainage systems. Additional excavations at Kuk Swamp have been led by Golson and other members of the Australian National University. Sources: Ballard, Chris. Writing (Pre)History: Narrative and Archaeological Explanation in the New Guinea Highlands. Archaeology in Oceania 38 (2003): 135–48. Print.Denham, Tim. Early Agriculture and Plant Domestication in New Guinea and Island Southeast Asia. Current Anthropology 52.S4 (2011): S379–S95. Print.—-. Early Agriculture in the Highlands of New Guinea: An Assessment of Phase 1 at Kuk Swamp. Records of the Australian Museum Supplement 29 (2004): 45–47. Print.Denham, Tim, and Elle Grono. Sediments or Soils? Multi-Scale Geoarchaeological Investigations of Stratigraphy and Early Cultivation Practices at Kuk Swamp, Highlands of Papua New Guinea. Journal of Archaeological Science 77.Supplement C (2017): 160–71. Print.Denham, Tim, et al. Contiguous Multi-Proxy Analyses (X-Radiography, Diatom, Pollen, and Microcharcoal) of Holocene Archaeological Features at Kuk Swamp, Upper Wahgi Valley, Papua New Guinea. Geoarchaeology 24.6 (2009): 715–42. Print. Denham, Tim P., et al. Origins of Agriculture at Kuk Swamp in the Highlands of New Guinea. Science 301.5630 (2003): 189–93. Print.Fullagar, Richard, et al. Early and Mid Holocene Tool-Use and Processing of Taro (Colocasia Esculenta), Yam (Dioscorea Sp.) and Other Plants at Kuk Swamp in the Highlands of Papua New Guinea. Journal of Archaeological Science 33.5 (2006): 595–614. Print.Haberle, Simon G., et al. The Palaeoenvironments of Kuk Swamp from the Beginnings of Agriculture in the Highlands of Papua New Guinea. Quaternary International 249 (2012): 129–39. Print.Lilley, Ian. Palaeoecology: Agriculture Emerges from the Calm. Nature Ecology Amp; Evolution 1 (2017): 0085. Print.Roberts, Patrick, et al. Persistent Tropical Foraging in the Highlands of Terminal Pleistocene/Holocene New Guinea. Nature Ecology Amp; Evolution 1 (2017): 0044. Print.Roberts, Patrick, et al. The Deep Human Prehistory of Global Tropical Forests and Its Relevance for Modern Conservation. Na ture Plants 3 (2017): 17093. Print.

Is the Job in Fast-Food Restaurant Exploitative - 1480 Words

4. Is the job in fast-food restaurant exploitative? It yes, in what sense it is exploitative? Please also take into consideration the implementation of minimum wage when illustrating your argument. Introduction Exploitation is a term to describe person that are being mistreated. Karl Marx used it to explain the relationship between the capitalists and workers. It is claim that the value of a product is depended by how much labor has paid on it such as time, energy or ideas. Therefore the price of a product minus the cost and energy to produce a product or other sufficient usages should be equal to what a worker can earn. However, as the workers own nothing but their labor, they could only sell their labor to capitalists who own all†¦show more content†¦In 2007, there are approximately 32,100 fast food restaurant employee, compare with unemployment workers of age group between 20 to 50, which is over 100,000 in 2007. It is obvious that the supply of potential workers is far more than the job opportunities. Since the workers lack of bargaining power, it means capitalists could heavily exploit and extract the surplus value from workers. In order to earn a living or at least subsidie s the family, workers have no choice but to accept the offer from capitalists. Exploitation in Hong Kong fast food restaurant There are two sectors for capitalists to exploit the labors, first is low wage and long working hour , another would be on cutting employee welfare, and these two kinds of exploitations are common in fast food restaurant. It is terrified that the first aspect, low wage and long working hour, is a kind of norm in fast food industry. In before minimum wage launched, the average wage of fast food restaurant workers is extremely low, most of the fast food restaurant offer the workers with less than $20 per hour. Besides pay for a low wage to workers, long working hour and mechanized steps in the fast food industry also reflect exploitation on the workers. As the capitalists treat labor as a product, they want to use this product to gain profit as much and fast as it can. On one hand they reduce the wage of workers, on the other hand the want to increase the rate of getting reward.Show MoreRelatedWhat Happens When Minimum Wage Essay703 Words   |  3 PagesWhat happens when minimum wage goes up to $15? If minimum wage is raised to $15 food price will rise on your favorite fast food restaurants like McDonalds, Taco Bell, Subway, KFC and many more. If minimum wage is put to $15 an hour some small businesses will shut down because they won’t have the money to pay their coworkers and if they don’t pay their workers they will end up quitting or some will end up suing the businesses and either way they would end up getting shut down or closed downRead MoreDiscuss the Role and Impact of Tncs in the Global Economy Essays1076 Words   |  5 Pagesused in company’s such as Jaguar Land Rover to build many parts of the car, has contributed to a decline in the secondary sector in the UK. As can be seen in the Rostow Model of Development, stage 5 (the age of high mass consumption) the initial exploitative industries move elsewhere and any remaining industries shift production to durable consumer goods. However due to globalization through TNCs, a new international division of labour has arisen separating the global economy into two main groups:Read MoreThe Different Management Theories Used Within Bodyshop and McDonalds1602 Words   |  7 Pagesdissection of tasks and responsibilities between management and the workforce. 2. Use of scientific methods to establish the best way of undertaking a job. 3. Scientific selection of the employee to execute the newly designed job in the way specified. 4. The training of the selected employee to perform the job in the way specified. 5. Enthusiastic co-operation with the workers to ensure that the work was performed in accordance with scientific management.Read MoreImmigration And Identity : The Ongoing Struggle For Acceptance2842 Words   |  12 Pagestraditions that they commemorate as children. The way an immigrant chooses to conform, it will change how they identify themselves. The first who migrated from their homeland where Asian Hunters, originally from East Africa, who traveled in search of food, about 50,000 to 20,000 years ago. They later became to be known as Native Americans or Indians. The most well-known immigrants were those that sailed to the new world in 1492, Christopher Columbus and his 90 crewmen. The discovery of the new landRead MoreComing Of Age Throughout Mississippi By Anne Moody2544 Words   |  11 Pagesthey made off of the backs of all the workers. Experts argue that this was as exploitative as slavery, since the owners risked nothing if there was a bad crop, and still watch over the black workers with an iron fist. Both of Anne’s parents worked through the day and would be watched by her uncle, eight year old George Lee. George would terribly hit and hurt them and take his anger out on them. Essie Mae would grow up fast as her father, Diddly, would abandon her mother, little brother and little sisterRead More Criminaliza tion of Poverty in Capitalist America Essay3029 Words   |  13 PagesThis is because nearly all people violate some laws, and many people run afoul of dozens without ever being considered, or considering themselves, criminals. When we look at downtown urban centers, when we look at the lines of humanity waiting for food or a bed at the missions; if we look at the faces of people living in cardboard boxes on the streets of the cities, we must know that a crime has been committed. When we look at the faces of the dispossessed people, we see faces that look like peopleRead MorePepsi and Its Competitors4636 Words   |  19 PagesPepsiCo - World Leader In Convenient Foods Beverages Industry †¢ Revenues – About $43 billion and over 198,000 Employees across the globe †¢ PepsiCo was founded in 1965 through the merger of Pepsi-Cola and Frito-Lay †¢ PepsiCo brands are available in more than 200 countries and territories across the globe †¢ PepsiCo has more than 500 products in it’s portfolio of which 18 brands generate $1 Billion each in retail sales A broad spectrum of beverages worldwide bringing fun and refreshment toRead MoreWorkplace Deviance, Organizational Citizenship Behavior, and Business Unit Performance: the Bad Apples Do Spoil the Whole Barrel8162 Words   |  33 PagesJournal of Organizational Behavior J. Organiz. Behav. 25, 67–80 (2004) Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/job.243 Workplace deviance, organizational citizenship behavior, and business unit performance: the bad apples do spoil the whole barrel PATRICK D. DUNLOP1* AND KIBEOM LEE2 1 2 Summary School of Psychology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, CalgaryRead MoreDr. Anis Ben Brik11414 Words   |  46 PagesHemingway and Maclagan, 2005; Pedersen and Huniche, 2006; Vitell and Paolillo, 2004). In this paper, we focus speciï ¬ cally on fast developing regions in emerging economies. Fast developing regions are quickly growing commercial and industrial hubs within emerging economies that have achieved high economic growth rates. We Belaid Rettab et al. emphasise the focus on fast developing regions because we believe that there are signiï ¬ cant differences between regions within emerging economies in termsRead MoreIntroduction to Marketing21178 Words   |  85 Pages Social: Changes in customs or demographics greatly influence firms. Fewer babies today are being born, resulting in a decreased demand for baby foods. More women work outside the home today, so there is a greater demand for prepared foods. There are more unmarried singles today. This provides opportunities for some firms (e.g., fast food restaurants) but creates problems for others (e.g., manufacturers of high quality furniture that many people put off buying until marriage). Today, there are more

E Procurement Systems

Question: Discuss about theE Procurement Systems. Answer: Introduction Due to the growing technological advancements in the business transactions today, E-procurement has been increasingly gaining significance in the integration of the various business processes, such as entry of the receiving material from the suppliers, getting customer orders, auditing, delivery of the materials to the B2B or B2C markets and checking status of orders and payment details electronically. The various components of the e-procurement, such as purchase order integration, e-tendering, shipment management, e-auditing, status updates of active order, and vendor management assist to integrate the business processes and activities electronically (Pablos and Patricia, 2012). This essay will describe the understanding of the e-procurement systems, contribution of e-procurement in the effectiveness of the supply chain operations and purchasing functions, and challenges of adopting the e-procurement system by the business organizations. Main Body Understanding of the E-Procurement Systems E-procurement is an integral part of the modern businesses whether private or public sector business enterprises as it offers a range of supply chain network services to support the global procurement transactions by using the internet system, digital connectivity, and ERP technology. E-procurement is termed as purchasing the good and services electronically by using internet system and digital technologies. It involves the components, like supply chain automation, purchasing order integration, e-tendering and e-auditing, shipment management, online catalogs from the approved vendors, checking status of orders, and electronic request for submit proposal (e-RFP process). The e-procurement is an automation tool for the corporation of the supply chain operations and purchasing transactions (Toktas-Palt, Baylav, Teoman, and Altunbey, 2014). It provides a comprehensive integrated IT network for promoting the leverage group buying and purchasing discipline for all procurement transactions responsible in an organization. E-procurement provides online information for the convenience of both business enterprises and customers as it provides the data related to the procurement processes, such as online order placement, online payment of money and confirmation of delivery of products. E-procurement is a significant part of E-commerce that is effective to manage the business transactions across the national boundaries electronically. It assists the business firms (private and public sector firms) to carry out the procurement activities through B2C (business to customer) and B2B (business to business) on enterprise resource planning and web-based exchange system. In the growing rapid technological dynamics in the modern businesses, E-procurement has been increasingly used by the manufacturing firms and service industries in both private and public sectors, such as oil, gases, and mining firms, production firms, and professional services to facilitate the business transactions electronically related to the purchasing functions and supply chain operations Boariu, N. (2015). E-procurement is the electronic transaction of the goods and services to the B2B and B2C customers as well as accounting and auditing the materials or goods supplied from the suppliers electronically by using the internet systems, networking infrastructure and information technologies, such as ERP (Enterprise Resource System) and EDI (Electronic Data Interchange). The functions of e-procurement consist, like electronic order processing, e-informing, e-auctioning, e-tendering, e-payment, vendor management, invoice management, catalogue management, request requisition, purchasing order integration, order status, shipping notice, contract management (Shaw and Qualls, 2012). E-procurement includes features, such as purchasing orders, budgeting, requisitioning, approval management, quotation management and invoicing. E-procurement assists in the vendor/supplier management by maintaining all accounts of the purchasing transactions or procurement processes as well as maintaining good vendor relationships electronically (William, 2007). It assists in the indent management by facilitating the online creation of the procurement processes and goods indents and estimates in the standardized electronic formats for the approval. It facilitates e-tendering and e-auctioning through the creation of online tender notification and document management and publishing, submission of requisition for online bid, evaluation and shortlisting, and auctioning electronically. It also assists in information system management by integrating the different business processes in order to generating reports electronically. It also facilitates the catalogue management of new and existing business contracts. It facilitates contract management through issuing the electronic purchase orders, updating of management of work progres s, and customer relationship management (Ramanathan, 2004). The e-procurement is also effective to facilitate and manage electronic or online payment of bid submission fees, tender management, EMD (equity monthly deposits) and payment to vendors or suppliers. Contribution of E-procurement Systems Toward the Efficiency of the Supply Chain Operations and Purchasing Function The implementation of the e-procurement systems enhances the effectiveness and efficiency of the purchasing function and supply chain operations by facilitating changes in the organizational characteristics, procurement structures and processes, total cost of acquisitions, and change in governance structure, implementation, and management. The e-procurement system is effective for the business enterprises to provide both strategic advantage and operational benefits. It enhances the effectiveness of the procurement process, purchasing function and supply chain management operations and thereby reducing the total costs of the procurement. It contributes toward the operational efficiency of the procurement function by reducing the operational costs, delays, and paperwork through the cycle-time savings, errors savings, and staff savings. Better availability of the purchasing information and reduction in the cycle time through the e-procurement function help in the centralized control of the purchasing procedures, reducing the inventory, and better business planning (Vaidya and Kishor, 2011). The e-procurement function provides avenue for buying the goods and services directly and indirectly that assists to make waves in the purchasing cycles. The e-procurement is efficient to enhance the effectiveness of the purchasing function and supply chain operations because it enhances the transparency, accountability and trust in the public procurement process. It is also effective because it facilitates faster procurement cycle, reduced human interface, bidding anywhere and anytime, reduced operational costs and delays, effective utilization of funds and price setting, enhanced process effectiveness and better decision-making (Kamel and Sherif, 2010). The e-procurement provides greater transparency, wider geographical research, great satisfaction while negotiating with suppliers and customers, better pricing, and lesser time in the business transactions. It provides an opportunity for the business enterprises to attain the sustainable savings through an automated order processing, easy-to-use purchasing, invoice management, vendor management, and supplier enablement capabilities. It improves the purchasing efficiency, increase compliances, and garners sustainable savings across the business enterprises (Varajao, Quintela, and Sousa, 2012). E-procurement is the fastest way of responding to the purchasing process as it helps in reducing the paperwork, operational expenses, inventory costs and time taken in the business transactions, product delivery and payment. It is effective to collect and store the large amount of data related to the procurement processes caused from the purchasing and selling the goods or services from the supp liers and to the B2B or B2C customers representatively. The e-procurement function assists the business enterprises to compare the prices easily and quickly, review the product specifications, and delivery dates from the suppliers worldwide. It is effective to incorporate different business aspects, such as hosting of databases, catalog management, order processing, managing tenders and auctions on behalf of the customers to represent a complete outsourced procurement service electronically. The successful implementation of the e-procurement function provides better means to the purchasing function by enhancing the procurement standards through integrating the different business processes related to the procurement function electronically. It is effective in the document administration, invoice management, customer order processing, and process requisition (Lee and In, (2008). It enhances the efficiency of the purchasing function and supply chain operations by ensuring the transparency and accountability of the business transactions and t hereby avoiding the possibilities of discrimination, fraud or errors in the purchasing transactions. Challenges of Adopting E-procurement systems by Business Enterprises Globally Although, e-procurement is effective for managing the purchasing function and supply chain operations but it may bring cost to the business enterprises because of its challenges across the enterprises globally. One of the significant challenges is the cost of acquisitions and management of e-procurement operations in the capital tight environment. Another challenge of this is that the company has to define the synchronization and integration of the business processes and systems as well as harmonizing operations among the enterprise itself, customers, vendors, suppliers, and distributors. The conventional e-procurement is identified as a complex and unintuitive user interface which is challenging to operate the businesses globally (Purchasing and Production Center, 2014). It also creates challenges because of the less integration of the e-procurement processes and applications with the upcoming ERP and EDI systems. Sometimes, it becomes difficult for the enterprises to provide online support for the different business vendors and suppliers. The business enterprises also face challenges with adopting this system for ex- it requires technical feasible employees as providing the technological training to the employees can bring more cost and time to the businesses (Tschammer, Henriksen, Ramfos, and Renner, 2009). One challenge of it is that the small to medium enterprises have to comply with the ICT regulations related to the e-procurement. It also creates some other challenges for the business enterprises, such as fear of upfront cost and development time, lack of skilled professionals, and frequent updates of the rapid changes. For e.g.- in the European countries, the e-procurement system has witnessed low adoption rates among the business enterprises. The creation of an appropriate and context tailored strategy is one of the most significant challenges of having e-procurement system by the business enterprises. It is technological adoption and complex functional process which requires analytic and dynamic strategy, holi stic vision, and transformational information (Hunja, 2015). Conclusion From the above studies on this essay, it can be concluded that due to the emergence of the e-commerce and e-business models, advent of the internet system and enterprise system technologies, and digital connectivity, the importance of e-procurement is remarkable for the modern business enterprises in the integration of business operations and processes, supply chain management operations, and purchasing processes. The different components of e-procurement assist in the effectiveness of the supply chain operations and purchasing processes. The firms also face challenges because of its shortcomings while adopting the e-procurement system in the business processes, activities, and systems. References Boariu, N. (2015). 7 Benefits of E-Procurement. [Online]. Available at: https://blog.procurify.com/2015/05/12/7-benefits-of-e-procurement/. (Accessed: 13 October 2016). Hunja, R. (2015). E-Procurement: Opportunities and Challenges. [Online]. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/publicprocurement/docs/eprocurement/conferences/speeches/robert-hunja_en.pdf. (Accessed; 11 October 2016). Kamel and Sherif, (2010). E-Strategies for Technological Diffusion and Adoption: National ICT Approaches for Socioeconomic Development: National ICT Approaches for Socioeconomic Development. Washington: IGI Global. Lee and In (2008). Electronic Business: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications. UK: IGI Global. Pablos, D. O. and Patricia (2012). E-Procurement Management for Successful Electronic Government Systems. London: IGI Global. Purchasing and Production Center (2014). E-Procurement: Opportunities and Challenges. [Online]. Available at: https://www.purchasing-procurement-center.com/e-procurement.html. (Accessed: 11 October 2016). Ramanathan, S. (2004). Diffusion of e-Procurement in the Public Sector - What can we Learn from the Danish Experience, Journal of Procurement System. Vol. 14 (1). Shaw, J. M. and Qualls, W. (2012). Impact of B2B E-procurement Systems A Summary Report. [Online]. Available at: https://business.illinois.edu/idm/pdf/EprocurementUIUCReport.pdf. (Accessed: 11 October 2016). Toktas-Palt, P., Baylav, E., Teoman, S., and Altunbey, M. (2014). The impact of barriers and benefits of e-procurement on its adoption decision: An empirical analysis,International Journal of Production Economics, vol. 158, pp. 7790. Tschammer, V., Henriksen, Z. H., Ramfos, A., and Renner, T. (2009). [Online]. Available at: https://domino.fov.unimb.si/proceedings.nsf/Proceedings/D156F5E971437925C1256EA200317A65/$File/13Tscham.pdf. (Accessed: 13 October 2016). Vaidya and Kishor (2011). Inter-Organizational Information Systems and Business Management: Theories for Researchers. London: IGI Global. Varajao, Quintela, E. J., and Sousa, D. A. (2012). Organizational Integration of Enterprise Systems and Resources: Advancements and Applications: Advancements and Applications. London: IGI Global. William, P. S. (2007). E-Procurement: Current Issue Future Challenges. [Online]. Available at: https://aisel.aisnet.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1063context=ecis2007. (Accessed: 13 October 2016).